Welcome to falcon_marshmallow’s documentation!¶

Contents:¶

falcon_marshmallow package

falcon-marshmallow¶

Marshmallow serialization/deserialization middleware for Falcon

Maintained By	Ihiji, Inc.
Author	Matthew Planchard
License	MIT
Contributors	Your Name Here!

Usage¶

The primary middleware provided by this package is called Marshmallow. To use it, simply add it to your Falcon app instantiation:

from falcon import API
from falcon_marshmallow import Marshmallow

app = API(
    middleware=[
        Marshmallow(),
    ]
)

The Marshmallow middleware looks for schemas defined on your resources, and, if it finds an applicable schema, uses it to serialize incoming requests and deserialize outgoing responses. Schema attributes should either be named schema or <method>_schema, where <method> is an HTTP method. If both an appropriate method schema and a general schema are defined, the method schema takes precedence.

Marshmallow assumes JSON serialization and uses the standard library’s json module, but if you specify a different serialization module in a schema’s Meta class, that will be seamlessly integrated into this library’s (de)serialization.

By default, if no schema is found, the Marshmallow middleware will still attempt to (de)serialize data using the simplejson module. This can be disabled when instantiating the middleware by setting force_json to False.

Two extra middleware classes are provided for convenience:

JSONEnforcer raises an HTTPNotAcceptable error if the client request indicates that it will does not accept JSON and ensures that the Content-Type of requests is “application/json” for specified HTTP methods (default PUT, POST, PATCH).
EmptyRequestDropper returns an HTTPBadRequest if a request has a non-zero Content-Length header with an empty body

Examples¶

Standard ReST Resource¶

Let’s look at a standard ReST resource corresponding to a Philosopher resource in our chosen data store:

from datetime import date
from random import randint

from marshmallow import fields, Schema
from falcon import API
from falcon_marshmallow import Marshmallow
from wsgiref import simple_server


class MyDataStore:
    """Whatever DB driver you like"""

    def get(self, table, phil_id):
        print('I got item with id %s from %s' % (phil_id, table))
        return {
            'id': phil_id,
            'name': 'Albert Camus',
            'birth': date(1913, 11, 7),
            'death': date(1960, 1, 4),
            'schools': ['existentialism', 'absurdism'],
            'works': ['The Stranger', 'The Myth of Sissyphus']
        }

    def insert(self, table, obj):
        print('I inserted %s into %s' % (obj, table))
        return {
            'id': randint(1, 100),
            'name': 'Søren Kierkegaard',
            'birth': date(1813, 5, 5),
            'death': date(1855, 11, 11),
            'schools': ['existentialism'],
            'works': ['Fear and Trembling', 'Either/Or']
        }


class Philosopher(Schema):
    """Philosopher schema"""
    id = fields.Integer()
    name = fields.String()
    birth = fields.Date()
    death = fields.Date()
    schools = fields.List(fields.String())
    works = fields.List(fields.String())


class PhilosopherResource:

    schema = Philosopher()

    def on_get(self, req, resp, phil_id):
        """req['result'] will be automatically serialized

        The key in which results are stored can be customized when
        the middleware is instantiated.
        """
        req.context['result'] = MyDataStore().get('philosophers', phil_id)


class PhilosopherCollection:

    schema = Philosopher()

    def on_post(self, req, resp):
        """req['json'] contains our deserialized data

        The key in which deserialized data can be stored can be
        customized when the middleware is instantiated.
        """
        inserted = MyDataStore().insert('philosophers', req.context['json'])
        req.context['result'] = inserted


app = API(middleware=[Marshmallow()])

app.add_route('/v1/philosophers', PhilosopherCollection())
app.add_route('/v1/philosophers/{phil_id}', PhilosopherResource())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    svr = simple_server.make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, app)
    svr.serve_forever()

Done!

When parsing a request body, if it cannot be decoded or its JSON is malformed, an HTTPBadRequest error will be raised. If the deserialization of the request body fails due to schema validation errors, an HTTPUnprocessableEntity error will be raised.

We can test our new server easily enough using the requests library:

>>> import requests

# - GET some philosopher - #

>>> resp = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/philosophers/12')

>>> resp.text
'{"birth": "1913-11-07", "id": 12, "death": "1960-01-04", "works": ["The Stranger", "The Myth of Sissyphus"], "schools": ["existentialism", "absurdism"], "name": "Albert Camus"}'

>>> resp.json()
{'birth': '1913-11-07',
 'death': '1960-01-04',
 'id': 12,
 'name': 'Albert Camus',
 'schools': ['existentialism', 'absurdism'],
 'works': ['The Stranger', 'The Myth of Sissyphus']}

# - POST a new philosopher - #

>>> post_data = resp.json()

>>> import json

>>> presp = requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/philosophers', data=json.dumps(post_data))

>>> presp.json()
{'birth': '1813-05-05',
 'death': '1855-11-11',
 'id': 100,
 'name': 'Søren Kierkegaard',
 'schools': ['existentialism'],
 'works': ['Fear and Trembling', 'Either/Or']}


# - Try to POST bad data - #

>>> post_data['birth'] = 'not a date'

>>> presp = requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/philosophers', data=json.dumps(post_data))

>>> presp
<Response [422]>

>>> presp.json()
{'description': '{"birth": ["Not a valid date."]}',
 'title': '422 Unprocessable Entity'}

Customization¶

Customization is effected by keyword arguments to the middleware constructor. The constructor takes the following arguments:

req_key (default json) - the key on the request’s context dict on which to store parsed request data
resp_key (default result) - the key on the request’s context dict in which data to be serialized for a response should be stored
force_json (default True) - attempt to (de)serialize request and response bodies to/from JSON even if no schema is defined for a resource
json_module (default simplejson) - the module to use for (de)serialization; must implement the public interface of the json standard library module

Contributing¶

Contributions are welcome. Please feel free to raise Issues, submit PRs, fix documentation typos, etc. If opening a PR, please be sure to run tests, and ensure that your additions are compatible with Python 2.7, 3.4, and above.

Testing¶

To test against Python 2.7, 3.4, and 3.6, you will need to pip install tox for your system or active Python if you do not already have it installed, and then run:

tox

To test against your active Python environment:

python setup.py test --addopts "--cov=falcon_marshmallow"